British Journal of Medical & Surgical Urology
Volume 3, Issue 5 , Pages 181-189, September 2010

Upper urinary tract fungal infections

  • Sachin Agrawal

      Affiliations

    • Department of Urology, St. Peters Hospital, Chertsey, KT16 0PZ , UK
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London, W6 8RF, UK. Tel.: +44 20 3311 1234; fax: +44 1271 345026.
    • ,
  • Christian T. Brown

      Affiliations

    • Department of Urology, St. Peters Hospital, Chertsey, KT16 0PZ , UK
    • ,
  • Steve Miller

      Affiliations

    • Department of Urology, St. Peters Hospital, Chertsey, KT16 0PZ , UK
    • ,
  • Clive Grundy

      Affiliations

    • Department of Microbiology, St. Peters Hospital, Chertsey, KT16 0PZ, UK
    • ,
  • Ravi Kulkarni

      Affiliations

    • Department of Urology, St. Peters Hospital, Chertsey, KT16 0PZ , UK

Received 19 July 2009; received in revised form 10 January 2010; accepted 26 February 2010.

Summary 

Upper urinary tract fungal infections are rare, under-reported and potentially fatal. Infections often develop in patients with significant co-morbidity and are difficult to identify and treat. They can manifest as local (funguria) or systemic infection (fungaemia). The management is complex and mortality appears unchanged in the past 20 years. Unlike lower urinary tract funguria, which is classified as low risk, upper ureteric infections and fungaemia are classified as high risk. The incidence is increasing and may be associated with changing population demographics, advances in medical diagnostics, and new stent and catheter technologies with longer durations of insertion. We review the current literature and report on six cases.

Keywords: Fungus, Ureter, Kidney, Infection

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PII: S1875-9742(10)00044-3

doi:10.1016/j.bjmsu.2010.02.009

British Journal of Medical & Surgical Urology
Volume 3, Issue 5 , Pages 181-189, September 2010

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