Percutaneous nephrostomy and ureteric stent insertion for acute renal deobstruction:☆

Summary 

Objective

Ureteric obstruction can be relieved by either percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) or retrograde ureteric stenting (RUS). Both are associated with variable technical success, complication rates, availability and quality of life issues. Our aim was to generate guidelines for PCN, RUS and the general approach of renal deobstruction in the UK.

Materials and Methods

Subsequent to a pilot study, a formal postal questionnaire regarding the indication and method of renal deobstruction was sent via the BAUS audit office to members of BAUS, BSIR, BSUR. Data from 227 radiologists and urologists were categorised into areas of “clear agreement” (>75% agreement), “broad agreement” (50–75% agreement) and “no broad consensus” (less than 50% agreement) for any particular method of management.

Results

In septic patients with renal obstruction, there was “clear agreement” for urgent deobstruction by PCN. If uncorrectable coagulopathy exists then RUS was the preferred option. There was “clear agreement” that patients with acute or chronic renal failure should be deobstructed during working hours if not septic, with “broad agreement” that this should be performed with PCN. Patients with obstruction subsequent to pelvic malignancy and the pregnant patient are discussed.

Conclusion

The authors hope that these results and recommendations will aid clinical decision-making and aid the development of local and regional PCN and RUS services.

Abbreviations: PCN, Percutaneous nephrostomy, RUS, Retrograde ureteric stent, BAUS, British Association of Urological Surgeons, BSIR, British Society of Interventional Radiology, BSUR, British Society of Urogenital Radiology, ACR, American College of Radiology

Keywords: Percutaneous nephrostomy, Retrograde ureteric stent, Renal obstruction, Sepsis, Questionnaire